Antithrombocytopenic Potential of Bioactivity Guided Fractions of Traditionally Used Psidium guajava Linn. Leaves in Busulfan Induced‑Thrombocytopenic Rats

Background: Psidium guajava L. (family: Myrtaceae) is a traditionally used medicinal plant and possesses various therapeutic properties. This study was aimed to explore the antithrombocytopenic potential of bioactive fraction of P. guajava L. Materials and Methodology: Hydroalcoholic extract of dried leaves was prepared through soxhlation, and further, it was fractionated. Hydroalcoholic extract and its fractions were tested for antithrombocytopenic potential in busulfan‑treated rats. Bioactive fractions were metabolically characterized through ultra‑performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UPLC‑MS) and. Results: A total of 30.3% w/w hydroalcoholic extract was obtained from which 5.7%, 4.2%, 8.6%, and 11.8% w/w of n‑hexane, dichloromethane, n‑butanol, and aqueous fractions were collected, respectively. n‑butanol and aqueous fractions were identified as the potent bioactive fractions as antithrombocytopenic agents. Using toluene:ethyl acetate:formic acid (6:3:1 v/v/v) as a solvent system in TLC, 12 and 9 metabolites were separated in n‑butanol and aqueous fractions, respectively, whereas 11 and 12 metabolites were tentatively identified through UPLC‑MS in aqueous and n‑butanol fractions, respectively. Five metabolites (showing m/z values of 303.05, 302.5, 313.2, 573.51, and 341.32 eluted at 2.80, 3.81, 7.94, 8.55 and 8.69 min, respectively) were found in both aqueous and n‑butanol fractions. Conclusion: Chromatographically characterized n‑butanol and aqueous fractions of hydroalcoholic extract of P. guajava increased platelet count, and it can be further explored for the development of new phytopharmaceutical.