Antiresproative Potency of D‑carvone on Ovariectomy‑Induced Osteoporosis in Rats

Background: Osteoporosis is a quiet disease with a pathological condition of reduced bone mineral density (BMD) leading to weakened bone. In this study, we evaluated the bone formation potency of D‑carvone, an unsaturated monoterpenoid ketone phytochemical present in essential oil of aromatic plants with pharmacological prominence against the ovariectomy‑induced rats. Materials and Methods: Ovariectomy was achieved in Sprague–Dawley rats and was employed for the present study. The rats were clustered into four sham‑operated control, ovariectomized, ovariectomized treated with 5 mg/kg b. wt and 10 mg/kg b. wt, respectively. Body weight of rats was observed once a week and after the completion of treatment the rats were euthanized to isolate uterus, vagina, and femur. Results: The weight of the uterus, vagina, and femur were restrained to perceive the impact of D‑carvone on reproductive organ and bone. The effect of D‑carvone treatment in maintaining the BMD was evaluated with dual‑energy X‑ray absorptiometry scan and the biomechanical properties were measured with three‑point bending test. Microcomputed tomography analysis was performed to scrutinize the D‑carvone potency in trabecula of ovariectomized rats. Further to confirm D‑carvone osteoblastic potency the bone turnover markers levels were enumerated. The bone healing effect of D‑carvone in ovariectomized rats was considered with histological examination of femoral metaphysis. The impact of D‑carvone on suppressing inflammation in ovariectomized rats was judged by estimating the levels of lipid profile and inflammatory cytokines. The osteoblastic potency of D‑carvone was established by quantifying the gene expression osteblastic protein using quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. Conclusion: In conclusion, our results evidenced that the D‑carvone effectively inhibited the osteclastic activity in ovariectomized rats and augmented the expression of osteblastic proteins via suppressing the inflammatory markers. However, the additional experiments in future could endorse the D‑carvone as a potential anti‑osteoporotic drug.