Anti‑Inflammatory and Antiallergic Activity of Arbutin against Ovalbumin‑Induced Allergic Rhinitis in Mice through the Modulation of Inflammatory Responses

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is the prevalent inflammatory disease in the airway due to allergic reactions in response to numerous allergens. AR is considered as a type‑I allergic condition and proceeded as early‑ and late‑phase hypersensitivity. Objectives: In the existing work, we scheduled to discover the anti‑inflammatory potential of arbutin against the ovalbumin (OVA)‑provoked AR in mice through modulation of inflammation. Materials and Methods: The AR was triggered to the BALB/c mice by injecting 500 μL of OVA sensitization solution and then treated with the arbutin (25 and 50 mg/kg, respectively). Dexamethasone was used as standard. The occurrences of sneezing and nasal rubbing were detected within 15 min after the last OVA challenge. The status of OVA‑specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), histamine, and malondialdehyde (MDA) was scrutinized by using assay kits. The status of NF‑κB/IκBα and STAT‑3 signaling molecules and its related cytokines was considered by using assay kits. The histological scores were evaluated by the histological alterations. Results: The arbutin supplementation lessened the incidence of nasal rubbings and sneezing, OVA‑specific IgE and histamine, and MDA status. The arbutin‑administered AR mice established the appreciable reduction in the NF‑κBp65, phosphorylated IκBα, interleukin (IL)‑1β, and tumor necrosis factor‑α levels, also improved the IκBα status in the AR mice. Arbutin reduced the STAT‑3, phosphorylated STAT‑3, RORc, IL‑17A, IL‑5, and IL‑6 levels and elevated the IL‑10, IL‑12, and IFN‑γ status. Arbutin supplementation to the AR mice exhibited the considerable amelioration of the histological scores of OVA‑provoked AR mice. Conclusion: Our results established that the arbutin treatment effectively ameliorated the OVA‑provoked AR in mice through the modulation of inflammation, and it could be auspicious therapeutic agent to treat the RA.