Xylocarpus moluccensis Fruit Fraction Rescues Cardiac Hypertrophy by Improving Angiogenesis and Regulating NF‑κB‑Mediated Inflammation

Background and Aim: The present study was undertaken to investigate the potential of ethyl acetate fraction obtained from the fruits of Xylocarpus moluccensis alcoholic extract (CDR‑267‑F018) against cardiac hypertrophy in rats. Experimental Procedure: Cardiac hypertrophy was achieved in Wistar rats through isoproterenol and treated either with propranolol or CDR‑267‑F018 for 14 days. Results and Conclusion: CDR‑267‑F018 treatment reduced isoproterenol induced cardiac hypertrophy as assessed by 2D‑echocardiography and supported by reduction in ANP, BNP, β‑MHC, NPP‑A and increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1. CDR‑267‑F018 treatment tightly regulated inflammation by controlling the plasma proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor‑α and IFN‑γ, plasma EMP level and NF‑κB, Akt and ERK. Further, CDR‑267‑F018 treatment reduced fibrosis by regulating Col18a1, FGF‑21 and MMP2. In total, CDR‑267‑F018 protected rat heart against isoproterenol induced cardiac hypertrophy by acting on inflammation, fibrosis and by improving angiogenesis.