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INVITED REVIEWPharmacognosy MagazineVol. 18 | Issue 80 | 2022 | pp. 791–807Open access
Exploring the Potential of Flavonoids as Efflorescing Antidiabetic: An Updated SAR and Mechanistic Based Approach
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- 1 Departments of, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
- 2 Pharmaceutical Sciences, Egypt.
- 3 Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa.
- 4 M. M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India.
- 5 Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India,6Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, Amman 19392, Jordan,7Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia.
- 6 Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
- 7 Department of Pharmaceutics, Vidya Siri College of Pharmacy, Off Sarjapura Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
- 8 Department of Public Health Medicine, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, Departments of, Egypt, South Africa.
- 9 Biomedical Sciences, Egypt.
- 10 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt.
- 11 Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
- 12 Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
- 13 Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius, Egypt.
- 14 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt.
Published in Pharmacognosy Magazine
Correspondence: Katharigatta N. Venugopala
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Egypt.; Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa.
Email: kvenugopala@kfu.edu.sa (K.N.V.)
Copyright: © 2022 Manuscript Technomedia. This is an open access article.
- Published:
- Sep 27, 2022
- Received:
- Aug 2, 2022
- Accepted:
- Sep 8, 2022
- DOI:
- 10.4103/pm.pm_372_22
How to cite
Venugopala, K. N., Chaudhary, J., Sharma, V., Jain, A., Kumar, M., Sharma, D., Shinu, P., Aldhubiab, B. E., Deb, P., Alwassil, O. I., Attimarad, M., Nair, A. B., Sreeharsha, N., Venugopala, R., Kandeel, M., Tratrat, C., El-Deeb, W., Haroun, M., Mahomoodally, M. F., … Morsy, M. A. (2022). Exploring the Potential of Flavonoids as Efflorescing Antidiabetic: An Updated SAR and Mechanistic Based Approach. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 18(80), 791–807. https://doi.org/10.4103/pm.pm_372_22
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic complication distinguished mainly by persistent hyperglycemia and is involved in the formation of reactive oxygen species, thereby causing oxidative stress, which is the major culprit for diabetic complications in different organs, including the vascular system. Controlling blood glucose is the most effective strategy for preventing diabetes and its complications. Currently, the available antidiabetic therapy is associated with several side effects, thus inexhaustible attention has been paid toward the development of natural compounds. The present review highlights the different types of flavonoids as potent antidiabetic agents along with their structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies, which will definitely aid in designing innovative molecules with improved antidiabetic efficacy. The type of substitution in the flavonoid core structure decides their bindings at different biological targets involved in diabetes development such as xanthine oxidase inhibitors, SGLT-II inhibitors, α-glucosidase inhibitors, PPAR-γ agonists, DPP-4 inhibitors, and glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors. Based on SAR investigation, a double bond between C2 and C3 positions, hydroxy substitutions at C5 and C7 positions of ring A, and substitution by the ketonic group at the C4 position were considered as lead modifications in the bioactivity of flavonoids for potent antidiabetic activity.
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Article metadata
| Title | Exploring the Potential of Flavonoids as Efflorescing Antidiabetic: An Updated SAR and Mechanistic Based Approach |
|---|---|
| Authors | Katharigatta N. Venugopala; Jasmine Chaudhary; Vishal Sharma; Akash Jain; Manish Kumar; Diksha Sharma; Pottathil Shinu; Bandar E. Aldhubiab; PranKishore Deb; Osama I. Alwassil; Mahesh Attimarad; Anroop B. Nair; Nagaraja Sreeharsha; Rashmi Venugopala; Mahmoud Kandeel; Christophe Tratrat; Wael El-Deeb; Michelyne Haroun; Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally; Viresh Mohanlall; Mohamed A. Morsy |
| Affiliations | Departments of, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.; Pharmaceutical Sciences, Egypt.; Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa.; M. M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India.; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India,6Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, Amman 19392, Jordan,7Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia.; Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.; Department of Pharmaceutics, Vidya Siri College of Pharmacy, Off Sarjapura Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.; Department of Public Health Medicine, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, Departments of, Egypt, South Africa.; Biomedical Sciences, Egypt.; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt.; Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.; Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.; Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius, Egypt.; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt. |
| Corresponding author | kvenugopala@kfu.edu.sa (K.N.V.) |
| Journal | Pharmacognosy Magazine |
| Volume / Issue | Vol. 18, Issue 80 (2022) |
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