Recent Advancement in Exosome-Inspired Lipid Nanovesicles for Cell-Specific Drug Delivery

Exosomes are small nanovesicles that are produced through the fusion of multiple veins and plasma membranes, then escaping into adjacent body fluids. Considerable attention has been paid to them due to their potential as delivery vehicles for drugs. Exosomes play a key role in many physiological processes that occur both in healthy and ill states. The production of exosomes depends on the state of the disease, but the disease itself often serves the opposite function by promoting more cell damage and stress. Traditional drug delivery methods often face limitations in terms of specificity, targeted delivery and drug release kinetics. Exosomes have emerged as promising candidates for drug delivery due to their natural ability to selectively deliver cargoes to recipient cells. Exosomes are taken up through various mechanisms, including endocytosis and fusion with target cells. They can encapsulate poorly soluble drugs, enhancing their bioavailability and improving their therapeutic efficacy. Exosomes inspired Lipid Nanovesicles (Exo-LNVs) have shown promising results as drug delivery vehicles. Exosomes have considerable potential as sophisticated vehicle for the delivery of targeted drugs and genes due to their unique characteristics, including inherent stability, minimal immunity and exceptional ability to penetrate tissues and cells. Therapeutic interventions have the capacity to increase effectiveness, reduce side effects and increase patient compliance. Exosomes have the ability to transport various therapeutic by encapsulating different substrates such as nucleic acids, proteins and small molecules. Recent advancements in exosome-inspired lipid nanovesicles have opened up new possibilities for cell-specific drug delivery. These nanovesicles mimic the composition and structure of exosomes, which are naturally occurring extracellular vesicles released by cells. By incorporating therapeutic agents into the lipid nanovesicles, they can effectively target and deliver drugs to specific cells of interest. This review article aims to summarize the current literature on Exo-LNVs and discuss their potential as drug delivery vehicles. A systematic search was conducted to identify relevant studies and relevant data were extracted and analyzed. The review covers various aspects of Exo-LNVs, including their composition, preparation methods and applications in various disease conditions.