Protective Effect of Viburnum grandiflorum against Ultraviolet‑B Radiation‑induced Cellular and Molecular Changes in Human Epidermal Keratinocytes

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the photoprotective potential of Viburnum grandiflorum (VG) against ultraviolet‑B radiation‑induced responses in HaCaT cells. The HaCaT cells were pretreated with VG prior ultraviolet‑B (UVB)‑radiation exposure and were further examined for lipid peroxidation, enzymatic antioxidant activity, % reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, mitochondrial membrane potential and for inflammatory, and apoptotic signaling markers such as tumor necrosis factor‑alpha, nuclear factor kappa B, interleukin‑1 (IL‑1), IL‑6, cyclooxygenase‑2, p53, caspase‑3/9, cytochrome‑c, Bax, and Bcl‑2. The VG pretreatment in UVB exposed cells shows significantly regulated both inflammatory as well as apoptotic signaling cascades. Our findings suggest that VG may be functional against UVB‑induced photo‑damages.