Phytochemical Profiling and Standardization of Punarnavastak Kwath Ghanvati Using Physicochemical Parameters and HPTLC

Background

Punarnavastak Kwath, a classical Ayurvedic decoction described in the Bhaishajya Ratnavali, is renowned for its efficacy in managing Udara Roga (abdominal disorders) and Shotha Roga (oedema). To enhance patient compliance, this formulation is transformed into a concentrated tablet known as Punarnavastak Kwath Ghanvati (PAKG), prepared without any excipients. Despite extensive traditional use, scientific validation of PAKG through contemporary analytical techniques remains necessary to ensure consistent therapeutic effectiveness and quality control.

Purpose

The present study aimed to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of PAKG through organoleptic examination, physico-chemical analysis, phytochemical screening, and High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC).

Materials and Methods

The formulation was prepared as per the guidelines stipulated in the Indian Pharmacopoeia. Organoleptic characteristics (colour, taste, odour), along with moisture content, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, water-soluble ash, and extractive values (aqueous and alcoholic), were systematically assessed. Preliminary phytochemical screening was conducted to detect major bioactive groups such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and glycosides. Furthermore, HPTLC profiling was performed to identify and quantify specific phytochemical constituents, documenting characteristic retention factor (R_f) values essential for establishing reproducible quality standards.

Results

The analysis revealed consistent physico-chemical parameters indicative of formulation stability and quality. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of active constituents, reinforcing traditional claims. HPTLC analysis provided reproducible fingerprints, enabling precise standardization of PAKG.

Conclusion

This integrative scientific evaluation effectively bridges traditional Ayurvedic knowledge and contemporary analytical validation, ensuring therapeutic consistency, enhancing credibility, and facilitating wider acceptance of Punarnavastak Kwath Ghanvati in modern healthcare practice.